PERIOD 3: [SB, ECON, SOC] Compare the differences of Mongolian khanates.
Overview
After Chinggis Khan's death, his descendants tried to usurp each other for power. Eventually, his vast empire was split into four different khanates. The great Khans ruled China, the descendants of Chaghatai (one of Chinggis Khan's sons) ruled parts of modern day Mongolia and China, the ilkhanate of Persia ruled over Persia, and the Golden Horde ruled over Russia.
[SB] Political differences
The Golden Horde
- Overran Russia between 1237-1241
- Regarded steppes near the Black Sea as perfect land for their horses
- Maintained a large army there, mounted raids into Russia
- Saw it as an unattractive land full of forests
- Maintained their power in Russia until mid-15th century
- Muscovite princes rejected their authority
- Still maintained their control in Crimea until the late 18th century
Ilkhanate of Persia
- Founded by Hulegu, one of Chinggis Khan's sons
- Conquered large parts of the areas including and surrounding Persia
- Toppled the Abbasid empire
- Executed the Caliph and massacred an estimated 200,000 residents
- Tried to expand into Egypt and Syria, were quickly repelled by Muslim forces and were unable to expand any further southwest
- Made concessions to the locality in Persia
- Mongols and their allies occupied the highest seats in the administration
- All else was left up to the Persians
- Persians were basically running the khanate as long as they delivered tax receipts and maintained order
pictured above is Hulegu Khan
Khanate of the Great Khan
- Founded by Khubilai Khain, one of Chinggis Khan's sons
- Extended rule all the way to China, toppled the Song Dynasty
- Established the Yuan Dynasty, named himself Emperor
- Chinese were forbidden to learn the Mongol language
- In contrast to Persia, natives were not used in the administration
- Foreign administrators were used instead
- Basically ended Confucianism
- Remained on good terms with almost all other religions
pictured above is Khubilai Khan, the founder of the khanate of the Great Khan
[ECON] economical differences
The Golden Horde
- Extracted tribute from Russian cities and other agricultural provinces
ILKHANATE OF PERSIA
- Persians administring the ilkhanate had to maintain tax receipts
KHANATE OF THE GREAT KHAN
- Main focus was to extract as much revenue from Chinese as possible
- Peasant farming land in the north was turned into pastures
- Mongols forced farmers to pay taxes, made them move south away from Mongol rule Kublai Khan backed the paper money with silver Revitalized the economy and added infrastructure
- As trading profits were taken from China by Mongols, metal currency depleted, which led to paper money and inflation
- Kublai Khan backed the paper money with silver
- Revitalized the economy and added infrastructure
[SOC] Social differences
The Golden Horde
- Mongols were usually animists, until Uzbeg Khan adopted Islam as the state religion
- Khans were generally tolerant of religion
ILKHANATE OF PERSIA
- The Ilkhan Ghazan converted to Islam
- Woman were involved more than normal, couldn't afford gh
KHANATE OF THE GREAT KHAN
- Chinese were not allowed to marry Mongols
- Chinese not allowed to learn the language of the Mongols
short video explaining the Mongolian empire
self made beautiful image dramatizing Mongol herders
Bibliography
Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, Web. 19 Oct. 2016.
"Mongolia The Golden Horde - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System." Mongolia The Golden Horde - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System. Web. 19 Oct. 2016.
"Mongols. Golden Horde, XIII-XIV A.D." Zvezda 8076 HobbyTerra.com. Web. 19 Oct. 2016.
"Hulagu Khan - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia." Alchetron.com. 18 Jan. 2014. Web. 19 Oct. 2016.
"Il-Khan Dynasty." - New World Encyclopedia. Web. 19 Oct. 2016.
"Mongolia The Golden Horde - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System." Mongolia The Golden Horde - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System. Web. 19 Oct. 2016.
"Mongols. Golden Horde, XIII-XIV A.D." Zvezda 8076 HobbyTerra.com. Web. 19 Oct. 2016.
"Hulagu Khan - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia." Alchetron.com. 18 Jan. 2014. Web. 19 Oct. 2016.
"Il-Khan Dynasty." - New World Encyclopedia. Web. 19 Oct. 2016.